Firefighter On-Scene Decontamination: Gross Decon Procedures to Reduce Cancer Exposure
Quick Definition
What is firefighter on-scene decontamination (gross decon)?
Firefighter on-scene decontamination (gross decon) is the immediate removal of carcinogenic soot, smoke particulates, and combustion byproducts from turnout gear, SCBA, tools, and exposed skin before leaving the fireground. Modern fires can deposit toxic contaminants like PAHs, benzene, heavy metals, and diesel particulates on PPE—where they can continue off-gassing after suppression.
Without field decon, contamination can transfer into apparatus cabs, stations, vehicles, and homes—raising inhalation, absorption, and cross-contamination risk.
- Soap-and-water scrubbing of turnout gear (low pressure)
- Skin/neck wipe-down procedures
- Containment and bagging of contaminated PPE
- Clean cab transport protocols
- HEPA-filtered air cleaning where applicable
This guide breaks down the step-by-step process, best practices, and the equipment used to perform on-scene decon correctly.
Operational Questions About On-Scene Decontamination
When properly organized, on-scene gross decon can be completed in just a few minutes per firefighter. Establishing a dedicated decon area and assigning roles helps crews perform effective field cleaning without significantly delaying overhaul or transport.
Yes. While full wash-down systems improve efficiency, basic gross decon can be performed using low-pressure water, approved cleaning solutions, wipes for exposed skin, and proper containment bags for contaminated PPE.
The neck, jawline, face, hands, and any exposed skin are high-priority areas. These regions are more vulnerable to contaminant absorption and are commonly targeted during firefighter wipe-down procedures.
No. Incidental water exposure does not remove embedded soot, smoke residue, or toxic particulates. Effective gross decon requires deliberate cleaning action, proper scrubbing, and controlled rinsing to reduce surface contamination.
Best practice recommends limiting contaminated PPE inside apparatus cabs. Gear should be bagged or isolated whenever possible to support clean cab protocols and reduce cross-contamination during transport.
A clean cab policy is an apparatus contamination-control practice that restricts dirty PPE, tools, and equipment from entering the crew compartment. It is often implemented alongside on-scene decontamination procedures.
NFPA standards address cleaning and care of turnout gear, while many departments adopt gross decon procedures as part of broader exposure-reduction and occupational health policies. Departments should review current standards and local protocols for guidance.
Firefighter Decon Training Video courtesy of: Women Firefighters and Health
